A New Method to Determine Distribution Transformer's Loss-of-Life
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In electric utility service areas with extreme ambient temperatures, strong solar irradiation, and high electric loads, hot-spot temperatures in transformer windings often exceed the recommended 110° Celsius limit. Exceeding this limit can considerably reduce the insulation life of distribution transformers. Specifically, every 8° Celsius increase in temperature beyond the limit yields a doubling of the rate at which the insulation deteriorates, or a halving of the transformer life expectancy. Therefore, it is critical to include all of the heat sources when calculating the transformer hot-spot temperature and the associated loss-of-life. 0.501kg, 0.100/0.100/0.100.

Von Händler/Antiquariat, BookVistas [54483961], New Delhi, India.