Cold Nuclear Fusion - 2 Angebote vergleichen
Bester Preis: € 8,92 (vom 22.07.2016)1
Cold Nuclear Fusion (2012)
EN NW EB DLISBN: 9781476008707 bzw. 1476008701, in Englisch, Smashwords Edition, Smashwords Edition, Smashwords Edition, neu, E-Book, elektronischer Download.
Lieferung aus: Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika, in-stock.
The main particularity of synthesis reaction (fusion) is the high prevalence of the used fuel (primary), deuterium. It can be obtained relatively simply from ordinary water. Deuterium was extracted from water for the first time by Harold Urey in 1931. Even at that time, small linear electrostatic accelerators, have indicated that D-D reaction (fusion of two deuterium nuclei) is exothermic. Today we know that not only the first isotope of hydrogen (deuterium) produces fusion energy, but and the second (heavy) isotope of hydrogen (tritium) can produce energy by nuclear fusion. The first reaction is possible between two nuclei of deuterium, from which can be obtained, either a tritium nucleus plus a proton and energy, or an isotope of helium with a neutron and energy. Observations: a deuterium nucleus has a proton and a neutron; a tritium nucleus has a proton and two neutrons. Fusion can occur between a nucleus of deuterium and one of tritium. Another fusion reaction can be produced between a nucleus of deuterium and an isotope of helium. For these reactions to occur, should that the deuterium nuclei have enough kinetic energy to overcome the electrostatic forces of rejection due to the positive tasks of protons in the nuclei. For deuterium, for average kinetic energy are required tens of keV. Deuterium fuel is delivered in heavy water, D2O. Tritium is obtained in the laboratory by the following reaction. Lithium, the third element in Mendeleev's table, is found in nature in sufficient quantities. The accelerated neutrons which produce the last presented reaction with lithium, appear from the second and the third presented reaction. Raw materials for fusion are deuterium and lithium. All fusion reactions shown produce finally energy and He. He is a (gas) inert element. Because of this, fusion reaction is clean, and far superior to nuclear fission. Hot fusion works with very high temperatures. In cold fusion, it must accelerate the deuterium nucleus, in linear or circular accelerators.
The main particularity of synthesis reaction (fusion) is the high prevalence of the used fuel (primary), deuterium. It can be obtained relatively simply from ordinary water. Deuterium was extracted from water for the first time by Harold Urey in 1931. Even at that time, small linear electrostatic accelerators, have indicated that D-D reaction (fusion of two deuterium nuclei) is exothermic. Today we know that not only the first isotope of hydrogen (deuterium) produces fusion energy, but and the second (heavy) isotope of hydrogen (tritium) can produce energy by nuclear fusion. The first reaction is possible between two nuclei of deuterium, from which can be obtained, either a tritium nucleus plus a proton and energy, or an isotope of helium with a neutron and energy. Observations: a deuterium nucleus has a proton and a neutron; a tritium nucleus has a proton and two neutrons. Fusion can occur between a nucleus of deuterium and one of tritium. Another fusion reaction can be produced between a nucleus of deuterium and an isotope of helium. For these reactions to occur, should that the deuterium nuclei have enough kinetic energy to overcome the electrostatic forces of rejection due to the positive tasks of protons in the nuclei. For deuterium, for average kinetic energy are required tens of keV. Deuterium fuel is delivered in heavy water, D2O. Tritium is obtained in the laboratory by the following reaction. Lithium, the third element in Mendeleev's table, is found in nature in sufficient quantities. The accelerated neutrons which produce the last presented reaction with lithium, appear from the second and the third presented reaction. Raw materials for fusion are deuterium and lithium. All fusion reactions shown produce finally energy and He. He is a (gas) inert element. Because of this, fusion reaction is clean, and far superior to nuclear fission. Hot fusion works with very high temperatures. In cold fusion, it must accelerate the deuterium nucleus, in linear or circular accelerators.
2
Cold Nuclear Fusion (2015)
EN NW EBISBN: 9781476008707 bzw. 1476008701, in Englisch, Smashwords Edition, neu, E-Book.
Lieferung aus: Niederlande, Direct beschikbaar.
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